Organisation von Wissen. Zwischen Offenheit und Exklusivität

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https://www.weizenbaum-library.de/handle/id/308
Dieser Forschungsschwerpunkt beschäftigt sich mit Fragen zur Arbeitswelt, dem Bildungssystem und der Wissenschaft. Vor allem: Wie offen bzw. exklusiv werden Daten und Wissen hier verarbeitet und organisiert? Dabei wird auf Perspektiven aus der Informatik, Wirtschaftsinformatik, Soziologie und Innovationsforschung zurückgegriffen.

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    Exploring Prompt Generation Utilizing Graph Search Algorithms for Ontology Matching
    (IOS Press, 2024) Sampels, Julian; Efeoglu, Sefika; Schimmler, Sonja; Salatino, Angelo; Alam, Mehwish; Ongenae, Femke; Vahdati, Sahar; Gentile, Anna-Lisa; Pellegrini, Tassilo; Jiang, Shufan
    The interoperability of domain ontologies, developed by domain experts, necessitates their alignment before attempting to match them. Within these ontologies, defined concepts often encounter an ambiguity problem stemming from the use of natural language. This interoperability issue raises the underlying ontology matching (OM) challenge. OM might be defined as the identification of correspondences or relationships between two or more entities, such as classes or properties among two or more ontologies. Rule-based ontology matching approaches, e.g., LogMap and AML have not outperformed machine learning based matchers on the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) benchmark datasets, especially on the OAEI Conference track since 2020. Supervised machine or deep learning approaches produce the best results but require labeled training datasets. In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), robust zero-shot prompting of LLMs can also return convincing responses. While prompt generation requires prompt template engineering by domain experts, contextual information about the concepts to be aligned can be retrieved by leveraging graph search algorithms. In this work, we explore how graph search algorithms, namely (i) Random Walk and (ii) Tree Traversal can be utilized to retrieve the contextual information to be incorporated into prompt templates. Through these algorithms, our approach refrains from considering all triples connected with a concept to be aligned in its contextual information creation. Our experiments show that including the retrieved contextual information in prompt templates improves the matcher’s performance. Additionally, our approach outperforms previous works leveraging zero-shot prompting.
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    Organisationswandel und Wahrnehmung der Akzeptanz von Digitalisierungsprozessen in Unternehmen infolge der COVID-19-Pandemie
    (Springer VS, 2024) Delicat, Nina; Herzog, Lorena; Krzywdzinski, Martin; Butollo, Florian; Wandjo, David; Flemming, Jana; Gerber, Christine; Danyeli, Matthias; Pfeiffer, Sabine; Nicklich, Manuel; Henke, Michael; Heßler, Martina; Krzywdzinski, Martin; Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo
    Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Akzeptanz von Digitalisierungs- und Automatisierungsprozessen. Untersucht wird, welche Digitalisierungsmaßnahmen während der Covid-19-Pandemie vorangetrieben wurden, inwieweit und wie diese Maßnahmen mit organisatorischen Veränderungen kombiniert wurden und wie sich die Akzeptanz der Digitalisierung durch die Beschäftigten aus der Sicht des Managements und der Betriebsräte während der Covid-19-Pandemie entwickelt hat. Für die Analyse wurden Daten aus zwei Wellen einer Unternehmensbefragung von jeweils 500–600 Unternehmen sowie 34 Fallstudien in sechs Branchen ausgewertet: der Automobilindustrie, der Chemieindustrie, dem Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, der Logistikbranche, der Gesundheitsbranche und dem Finanzdienstleistungssektor.
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    Uncertain futures of work: The perception of generative AI in knowledge professions
    (Nomos, 2025) Butollo, Florian; Haase, Jennifer; Katzinski, Ann-Kathrin; Krüger, Anne K.; Kox, Thomas; Ullrich, André; Zech, Herbert
    The application of generative AI (GenAI) tools has led to widespread speculation about the implications of technological change for the future of cognitive work. This article provides insights on how the use of GenAI affects work practices in the fields of IT programming, science and coaching based on expert interviews and a quantitative survey among users of GenAI. Specifically, we ask about perceptions on skills, creativity, and authenticity, which we regard as key qualities of cognitive work. Contrary to widespread expectations that AI use would hollow out or substitute aspects of cognitive work, we find that there is a strong awareness for the meaning of the professional core in each field. We conclude that the use of AI provokes reflections about the meaning of human work in operating AI tools adequately and taking on responsibility for their results, thereby rather reinforcing its relevance.
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    Control and Flexibility: The Use of Wearable Devices in Capital- and Labor-Intensive Work Processes
    (2024) Krzywdzinski, Martin; Evers, Maren; Gerber, Christine
    The use of wearables in the workplace allows for close monitoring of work processes and might also have consequences for work content and skill requirements. Past research has emphasized the detrimental effects of wearables, particularly those caused by the standardization of work and monitoring of workers. By contrast, this study asks under what conditions the implementation of wearables as part of digital assistance systems is beneficial for workers. Based on recent contributions in the field of labor process theory, this study analyzes the implementation of new technologies using the concepts of the regulatory regime, organizational first-order factors, and workplace second-order choices. The analysis is based on findings from 48 interviews with 83 interviewees in 16 German manufacturing workplaces along with making site visits. It examines the implementation of wearables and the impacts on work content, skills, working conditions, and employment. Besides showing how labor agency affects the implementation of new technologies, the particular contribution of this study lies in analyzing the differences in the implementation of wearables in capital- and labor-intensive organizations. While standardization of work and reduction of work content prevailed in labor-intensive processes, capital-intensive processes were most often characterized by the extension of skill requirements and the risk of work intensification.
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    An uncertain elite: Professional differences and similarities between engineers and tech workers in times of digital transformation
    (2025) Krzywdzinski, Martin; Pfeiffer, Sabine; Kuhlmann, Martin; Ottaiano, Mario; Heinlein, Michael; Ritter, Tobias; Neumer, Judith; Huchler, Norbert
    The digital transformation of industries has given rise to new categories of tech workers, such as software engineers and UX/UI designers, who now work alongside traditional engineers. This study explores the evolving relationship between these groups, focusing on work processes, status perceptions and professional interactions. The research questions addressed include: how has digitalisation affected these two groups’ work processes? what strategies do they use to maintain or improve their career paths? and how do their roles converge or diverge? Using qualitative data from interviews and workshops in a German automotive company undergoing a digital and electric mobility transformation, the study finds both competition and cooperation between engineers and IT professionals, with the former adopting some IT work methods and the latter adjusting to the highly structured processes of the industrial sector. Despite growing overlaps, distinct professional identities nevertheless remain.