Weizenbaum Digital Science Center
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Das WDSC ist eine Forschungseinheit, die die Digitalisierungsforschung am Weizenbaum-Institut unterstützt, indem sie die Forschungsgruppen über methodenorientierte Weiterbildung vernetzt, in Kooperation mit den Forschungsgruppen Dateninfrastrukturen bereitstellt und Grundfragen der Digitalisierungsforschung systematisiert und synthetisiert. An dieser Stelle sind die Publikationen, Materialien und Daten zugänglich, die von den vier Forschungseinheiten des WDSC – Weizenbaum Panel, Forschungssynthesen, Metaforschung, Methodenlab – erstellt werden.
English The WDSC is a research unit that supports digitization research at the Weizenbaum Institute by networking the research groups through method-oriented training, providing data infrastructures in cooperation with the research groups, and systematizing and synthesizing fundamental questions in digitization research. The publications, materials and data produced by the four research units of the WDSC—Weizenbaum Panel, Research Syntheses, Meta Research, Methods Lab—are accessible here.
English The WDSC is a research unit that supports digitization research at the Weizenbaum Institute by networking the research groups through method-oriented training, providing data infrastructures in cooperation with the research groups, and systematizing and synthesizing fundamental questions in digitization research. The publications, materials and data produced by the four research units of the WDSC—Weizenbaum Panel, Research Syntheses, Meta Research, Methods Lab—are accessible here.
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- ItemBeyond Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers: The Integrative Potential of the Internet(ifpuk - Institute for Media and Communication Studies at FU Berlin, 2019) Mahrt, MerjaAre online audiences today fragmented into echo chambers or filter bubbles? Do users only see what digital platforms (like search engines or social media) let them see? And if so, what are the consequences for the cohesion of a society? Concerns like these abound in recent years. They attest to widely held assumptions about a negative influence of digital media or even the Internet in general on society. Empirical studies on these phenomena are, however, not as unequivocal. To understand why results from previous research are so far inconclusive, this study investigates the role of the Internet for social integration from a more general point of view. The integrative potential of the Internet is assessed to compare it with other media and ultimately better understand to what degree and due to which factors the Internet may or may not help bring society together. Using survey data, clickstream data on actual usage of websites, and data on content structures, the present work investigates how user behavior and structural features of the Internet determine its positive or negative effects on social integration. The results reveal that the Internet in general is not as bad as popular accounts of digital fragmentation may suggest. How much integrative potential can be realized via online offerings, however, depends on numerous factors on the side of the users as well as content and platform providers.
- ItemWeizenbaum Report 2019: Politische Partizipation in Deutschland(Weizenbaum Institute, 2020) Schaetz, Nadja; Leißner, Laura; Porten-Cheé, Pablo; Emmer, Martin; Strippel, Christian**Deutsch** Der Weizenbaum Report ist eine jährlich erscheinende Publikation zur politischen Partizipation in Deutschland. Er stellt Befunde der bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Befragung der Forschungseinheit Weizenbaum Panel vor, die seit 2019 durchgeführt wird. Im Zentrum steht die Untersuchung verschiedener Formen politischer Partizipation im Zeitverlauf und ihre Entwicklung unter Digitalisierungsbedingungen. Die erste Welle aus dem Jahr 2019 untersuchte digitale Partizipationsformen, Bürgernormen und den Umgang mit Hass im Netz. Die Ergebnisse geben Einblick in Verhalten und Meinungen der deutschen Gesellschaft mit besonderem Fokus auf traditionelle vs. „vernetzte“ Bürgernormen.
- ItemWeizenbaum Panel: Digital Citizenship – Politische Kommunikation und Partizipation in Deutschland 2019, WP1-19 [Fragebogendokumentation](Weizenbaum Institute, 2020) Emmer, Martin; Schaetz, Nadja; Leißner, Laura; Porten-Cheé, Pablo; Strippel, ChristianDie hier zum Download bereitstehende Fragebogendokumentation enthält den Fragebogen, welcher in der ersten Befragungswelle im Erhebungszeitraum von Anfang September bis Ende November 2019 verwendet wurde. This questionnaire was used in the first survey wave from the beginning of September to the end of November 2019. --- **Erhebungsmodus:** Computerunterstützte telefonische Befragung (CATI) **Sprache der Befragung:** deutsch **Erhobene Konstrukte:** - – Internet- und Social-Media-Nutzung: Nutzungsmotive/-aktivitäten - – Nachrichtennutzung und politische Diskussionen - – Politisches Interesse, Political Efficacy und Politisches Vertrauen - – Demokratieverständnis und -zufriedenheit - – Wichtigkeit politisches Thema - – Traditionelle und internetbezogene Bürgernormen - – Politische Orientierung und Parteimitgliedschaft - – Politische Partizipation und Partizipationsbereitschaft - – Reaktion auf Hasskommentare und Falschnachrichten im Internet (Online Civic Intervention) - – Soziodemographie
- ItemWeizenbaum Panel: Politische Partizipation in Deutschland 2019, WP1-19 [Methodenbericht](Weizenbaum Institute, 2020) Weizenbaum PanelDer hier zum Download bereitstehende Methodenbericht enthält zentrale Informationen zur ersten Befragungswelle im Erhebungszeitraum von Anfang September bis Ende November 2019.
- ItemWhy we find little evidence of digital fragmentation, but should not stop researching it(2020) Mahrt, Merja; Gehrau, Volker; Waldherr, Annie; Scholl, Armin; Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Publizistik- Und Kommunikationswissenschaft E.V.While mass media are generally ascribed integrative potential, scholars assume negative effects on social cohesion for the Internet. Respective metaphors such as "filter bubbles" and "echo chambers" have meanwhile found their way into public discourse. However, empirical research that documents detrimental effects of digital fragmentation remains the exception. The state of research thus does not support fears about a stark loss of social cohesion due to the Internet. Yet there are groups on the fringe of the political spectrum that appear to be digitally fragmented. Given these heterogeneous results, the article systematizes theoretical assumptions and empirical findings and argues that it remains necessary to assess the extent and effects of digital fragmentation.
- ItemToward a stronger theoretical grounding of computational communication science. How macro frameworks shape our research agendas(2021) Waldherr, Annie; Geise, Stephanie; Mahrt, Merja; Katzenbach, Christian; Nuernbergk, ChristianComputational communication science (CCS) is embraced by many as a fruitful methodological approach to studying communication in the digital era. However, theoretical advances have not been considered equally important in CCS. Specifically, we observe an emphasis on mid-range and micro theories that misses a larger discussion on how macro-theoretical frameworks can serve CCS scholarship. With this article, we aim to stimulate such a discussion. Although macro frameworks might not point directly to specific questions and hypotheses, they shape our research through influencing which kinds of questions we ask, which kinds of hypotheses we formulate, and which methods we find adequate and useful. We showcase how three selected theoretical frameworks might advance CCS scholarship in this way: (1) complexity theory, (2) theories of the public sphere, and (3) mediatization theory. Using online protest as an example, we discuss how the focus (and the blind spots) of our research designs shifts with each framework.
- ItemWeizenbaum Report 2021: Politische Partizipation in Deutschland(Weizenbaum Institute, 2021) Emmer, Martin; Leißner, Laura; Strippel, Christian; Porten-Cheé, Pablo; Schaetz, Nadja**Deutsch** Der Weizenbaum Report ist eine jährlich erscheinende Publikation zur politischen Partizipation in Deutschland. Er stellt Befunde der bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Befragung der Forschungseinheit Weizenbaum Panel vor, die seit 2019 durchgeführt wird. Im Zentrum steht die Untersuchung verschiedener Formen politischer Partizipation im Zeitverlauf und ihre Entwicklung unter Digitalisierungsbedingungen. Die zweite Welle aus dem Jahr 2020 legte einen Schwerpunkt auf demokratische Partizipationsformen und ihre gesellschaftliche Verteilungen im Lichte der COVID-19-Pandemie. Die Ergebnisse deuten eine insgesamt stabile demokratische Beteiligung während der Pandemie an, aber zeigen auch soziale Klüfte vor allem in der digitalen Partizipation auf.
- ItemSomebody's Watching Me: Smartphone Use Tracking and Reactivity(2021) Toth, Roland; Trifonova, TatianaLike all media use, smartphone use is mostly being measured retrospectively with self-reports. This leads to misjudgments due to subjective aggregations and interpretations that are necessary for providing answers. Tracking is regarded as the most advanced, unbiased, and precise method for observing smartphone use and therefore employed as an alternative. However, it remains unclear whether people possibly alter their behavior because they know that they are being observed, which is called reactivity. In this study, we investigate first, whether smartphone and app use duration and frequency are affected by tracking; second, whether effects vary between app types; and third, how long effects persist. We developed an Android tracking app and conducted an anonymous quasi-experiment with smartphone use data from 25 people over a time span of two weeks. The app gathered not only data that were produced after, but also prior to its installation by accessing an internal log file on the device. The results showed that there was a decline in the average duration of app use sessions within the first seven days of tracking. Instant messaging and social media app use duration show similar patterns. We found no changes in the average frequency of smartphone and app use sessions per day. Overall, reactivity effects due to smartphone use tracking are rather weak, which speaks for the method's validity. We advise future researchers to employ a larger sample and control for external influencing factors so reactivity effects can be identified more reliably.
- ItemMultidimensional Measurement of Mobile Media Use(Weizenbaum Institute, 2021) Toth, RolandJust like all types of media use, mobile media use is usually measured using retrospective, self-reported indications of quantity in the form of duration and frequency. This is not only problematic due to the fact that people misjudge their own use to a great extent, but also because theoretical approaches predominantly suggest that mere contact is not sufficient for the description of media use. This especially holds for mobile media use, as specific contact episodes are not easily distinguishable anymore due to their short duration and high frequency. Mobile media use is rather characterized by circumstances surrounding the contact itself - they are used for countless purposes, in a habitual manner, and in various situations. In this paper, I am proposing a renewed, multidimensional measure of mobile media use that takes into account these characteristics in addition to well-known measures of quantity and suggest methods for assessing its convergent and content validity.
- ItemWeizenbaum Panel: Politische Partizipation in Deutschland 2020, WP2-20 [Methodenbericht](Weizenbaum Institute, 2021) Weizenbaum PanelDer hier zum Download bereitstehende Methodenbericht enthält zentrale Informationen zur zweiten Befragungswelle im Erhebungszeitraum von Anfang Oktober bis Anfang Dezember 2020.
- ItemWeizenbaum Panel: Digital Citizenship – Politische Kommunikation und Partizipation in Deutschland 2020, WP2-20 [Fragebogendokumentation](Weizenbaum Institute, 2021) Emmer, Martin; Schaetz, Nadja; Leißner, Laura; Porten-Cheé, Pablo; Strippel, ChristianDie hier zum Download bereitstehende Fragebogendokumentation enthält den Fragebogen, welcher in der zweiten Befragungswelle im Erhebungszeitraum von Anfang Oktober bis Anfang Dezember 2020 verwendet wurde. This questionnaire was used in the second survey wave from the beginning of October to the beginning of December 2020. --- **Erhebungsmodus:** Computerunterstützte telefonische Befragung (CATI) **Sprache der Befragung:** deutsch **Erhobene Konstrukte:** - – Internet- und Social-Media-Nutzung: Nutzungsmotive/-aktivitäten - – Nachrichtennutzung und politische Diskussionen - – Politisches Interesse, Political Efficacy und Politisches Vertrauen - – Demokratieverständnis und -zufriedenheit - – Wichtigstes politisches Thema - – Traditionelle und internetbezogene Bürgernormen - – Politische Orientierung und Parteimitgliedschaft - – Politische Partizipation und Partizipationsbereitschaft - – Reaktion auf Hasskommentare und Falschnachrichten im Internet (Online Civic Intervention) - – Soziodemographie
- ItemWeizenbaum Report 2022: Politische Partizipation in Deutschland(Weizenbaum Institute, 2022) Heger, Katharina; Leißner, Laura; Emmer, Martin; Strippel, Christian**Deutsch** Der Weizenbaum Report ist eine jährlich erscheinende Publikation zur politischen Partizipation in Deutschland. Er stellt Befunde der bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Befragung der Forschungseinheit Weizenbaum Panel vor, die seit 2019 durchgeführt wird. Im Zentrum steht die Untersuchung verschiedener Formen politischer Partizipation im Zeitverlauf und ihre Entwicklung unter Digitalisierungsbedingungen. Die dritte Welle aus dem Jahr 2021 untersuchte diesmal neben digitaler Partizipation insbesondere auch feministische Einstellungen und politische Geschlechternormen. Die Ergebnisse geben Aufschluss über Ansichten der deutschen Gesellschaft zu Geschlechterungleichheiten in der politischen Partizipation, über demokratisches Vertrauen im Kontext der Pandemie und die Wahrnehmung von Hass und Desinformation im Netz.
- ItemEditorial: Volume 2, Issue 1(Weizenbaum Institute, 2022) Emmer, Martin; Krasnova, Hanna; Krzywdzinski, Martin; Metzger, Axel; Schimmler, Sonja; Ulbricht, LenaThis second issue of the Weizenbaum Journal of the Digital Society brings together four contributions that examine the role of actors and regulation in processes of digitalization from the perspective of different disciplines. The topics include the role of the Silicon Valley discourse on entrepreneurship in legitimizing a specific model of work in the IT industry, the particularities of the European platform regulation approach, the development and enforcement problems of copyright liability regulation in Germany, and the development and regulation of automation processes in the workplace.
- ItemYour social ties, your personal public sphere, your responsibility: How users construe a sense of personal responsibility for intervention against uncivil comments on Facebook(2022) Gagrčin, EmilijaUser intervention against incivility is a significant element of democratic norm enforcement on social media, and feeling personally responsible for acting is a vital prerequisite for intervention. However, our insight into how users construe their sense of personal responsibility and expectations of other users remains limited. By theoretically foregrounding user perspective, this study investigates the boundaries and nuances of user responsibility to intervene against incivility. Empirically, it draws on 20 qualitative vignette interviews with young people in Germany. The findings show that as contexts collapse in users’ newsfeeds, the imagined boundaries of personal public spheres and own social relationships with uncivil users serve as heuristics for hierarchizing and delimiting personal responsibility to intervene. Beyond abstract individual responsibility for the public discourse, practical responsibility is distributed among personal public spheres.
- ItemFeminist women’s online political participation. Empowerment through feminist political attitudes or feminist identity?(2022) Heger, Katharina; Hoffmann, ChristianCitizens in modern democracies have a continuously expanding set of tools at their disposal through which they seek to exercise influence on politics, including digital modes of participation. However, the usage of these tools is still gendered to the disadvantage of women. Feminist attitudes have been shown to have a positive impact on women’s political participation, yet this effect is deeply interwoven with the empowering effect of a feminist identity. Based on an online survey of more than 300 German female Internet users self-labeling as feminists, we develop a comprehensive measure of a feminist identity and analyze the interplay of three distinct sets of feminist attitudes and a feminist identity on online political participation. To gain a fine-grained understanding of the impact of feminist cognitions on online political participation, we differentiate general political online behaviors from those geared toward women’s rights and feminist objectives. We find a feminist identity to be a strong predictor of both types of online political participation, with a stronger effect on feminist online participation. Our findings provide important insights into the empowering role of a feminist identity on women’s political behavior on the Internet.
- ItemWeizenbaum Panel: Politische Partizipation in Deutschland 2021, WP3-21 [Methodenbericht](Weizenbaum Institute, 2022) Weizenbaum PanelDer hier zum Download bereitstehende Methodenbericht enthält zentrale Informationen zur dritten Befragungswelle im Erhebungszeitraum von Anfang Oktober bis Mitte Dezember 2021.
- ItemWeizenbaum Panel: Digital Citizenship – Politische Kommunikation und Partizipation in Deutschland 2021, WP3-21 [Fragebogendokumentation](Weizenbaum Institute, 2022) Emmer, Martin; Heger, Katharina; Strippel, Christian; Porten-Cheé, Pablo; Leißner, LauraDie hier zum Download bereitstehende Fragebogendokumentation enthält den Fragebogen, welcher in der dritten Befragungswelle im Erhebungszeitraum von Anfang Oktober bis Mitte Dezember 2021 verwendet wurde. This questionnaire was used in the third survey wave from the beginning of October to mid-December 2021. --- **Erhebungsmodus:** Computerunterstützte telefonische Befragung (CATI) **Sprache der Befragung:** deutsch **Erhobene Konstrukte:** - – Medien- und Social-Media-Nutzung, politische Mediennutzung - – Politisches Interesse, Political Efficacy und Politisches Vertrauen - – Demokratieverständnis und -zufriedenheit - – Internetbezogene Bürgernormen und politische Partizipation - – Wichtigstes politisches Thema und politische Orientierung - – Politische Geschlechternormen und feministische Einstellungen - – Reaktion auf Hasskommentare und Falschnachrichten im Internet (Online Civic Intervention) - – Soziodemographie
- ItemBetween Individual and Collective Social Effort: Vocabularies of Informed Citizenship in Different Information Environments(2023) Gagrčin, Emilija; Porten-Cheé, PabloInformation disorder and digital media affordances challenge informed citizenship as an ideal and in practice. While scholars have attempted to adapt the normative ideal to contemporary changes and challenges by introducing new metaphors and normative benchmarks, this study investigates citizens’ ideals and practices of informed citizenship by deploying the concept of citizenship vocabularies. Drawing on interviews with citizens from different information environments—Germany and Serbia—we offer a conceptual outline of informed citizenship as an individual and collective social effort. Our findings illustrate the role of the information environment in shaping citizenship vocabularies. We advance the idea of informed citizenship as a relational practice, arguing for a social ontological approach to theorizing informed citizenship today.
- ItemWeizenbaum Report 2023: Political Participation in Germany(Weizenbaum-Institut, 2023) Heger, Katharina; Jokerst, Sofie; Strippel, Christian; Emmer, MartinThe Weizenbaum Report is an annual publication on political participation in Germany. It presents findings from a survey representative of the population conducted by the Weizenbaum Panel research unit since 2019. The focus is on investigating various forms of political participation over time and their development against the backdrop of digitalization. In addition to the changing role of digital media for political action, the fourth wave from 2022 focused on authoritarian attitudes that act as drivers of anti-democratic participation. The effects of social inequality on political engagement were also investigated. The results reveal ambivalent attitudes towards the effects of AI and social media as well as patterns of political participation of authoritarian-minded people.
- ItemMedia Use and Political Engagement: Cross-Cultural Approaches| Media Use and Green Lifestyle Politics in Diverse Cultural Contexts of Postmaterialist Orientation and Generalized Trust: Findings From a Multilevel Analysis(2023) Leißner, LauraIn lifestyle politics, citizens take political action by adapting their everyday lives to address transnational challenges, such as climate change. An important driver of lifestyle politics is exposure to media—both mass media, serving as important information sources, and social media, enabling discussion and expression. To explore how elements of culture shape this relationship, this study examines (a) the link between media use (measured by mass media and social media use) and lifestyle politics across 28 European countries and (b) how cultural context factors (measured by national levels of postmaterialist orientation and trust) moderate this relationship. Results of a multilevel analysis support the positive link between mass media use and lifestyle politics across all countries. However, the results also suggest that the relationship between social media use and lifestyle politics is positive only in countries with postmaterialist orientations and high levels of trust, underscoring the importance of cultural context factors.