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Development of the Industrial IoT Competences in the Areas of Organization, Process, and Interaction Based on the Learning Factory Concept
(2017) Gronau, Norbert; Ullrich, André; Teichmann, Malte
Lately, first implementation approaches of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies penetrate industrial value-adding processes. Within this, the competence requirements for employees are changing. Employees‘ organization, process, and interaction competences are of crucial importance in this new IoT environment, however, in students and vocational training not sufficiently considered yet. On the other hand, conventional learning factories evolve and transform to digital learning factories. Nevertheless, the integration of IoT technology and its usage for training in digital learning factories has been largely neglected thus far. Existing learning factories do not explicitly and properly consider IoT technology, which leads to deficiencies regarding an appropriate development of employees‘ Industrial IoT competences. The goal of this contribution is to point out a didactic concept that enables development and training of these new demanded competences by using an IoT laboratory. For this purpose, a design science approach is applied. The result of this contribution is a didactic concept for the development of Industrial IoT competences in an IoT laboratory.
Four Parameters for Measuring Democratic Deliberation: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges and How to Respond
(2018) Fleuß, Dannica; Helbig, Karoline; Schaal, Gary S.
Although measuring democratic deliberation is necessary for a valid measurement of the performance of democracies, it poses serious theoretical and methodological challenges. The most serious problem in the context of research on democratic performance is the need for a theoretical and methodological approach for “upscaling” the measurement of deliberation from the micro and meso level to the macro level. The systemic approach offers a useful framework for this purpose. Building on this framework, this article offers a modular approach consisting of four parameters for conceptualization, measurement, and aggregation which can be adjusted to make the measurement of democratic deliberation compatible with the various general measurement approaches adopted by different scholars.
Exploring Students’ Engagement Patterns in SPOC Forums and their Association with Course Performance
(2018) Liu, Zhi; Pinkwart, Niels; Liu, Hai; Liu, Sannyuya; Zhang, Guangtao
With the popularity of Small Private Online Courses (SPOCs) in higher education, a plentiful of discussion data has been increasingly generated in SPOC forums. With 752 undergraduates’ discussion posts, this study aims to investigate students’ engagement patterns within SPOC forums in terms of engagement behaviors and emotions. Firstly, we designed a behavioral code rule to identify posting- and content-level behaviors, and examined their association with course performance. Secondly, we built an emotion lexicon including positivity, negativity and confusion word sets, and adopted an emotion calculation approach to visualize emotional evolutionary trends and to examine emotional differences in registration types and course performance. The results show that, (1) the high-performing group was more active in the most engagement behaviors except for interactive postings. (2) The registered group delivered more threads and wrote richer vocabulary in post content. (3) Whether students were registered for a course or not did not have a significant effect on their emotional expressions, but the registered group exhibited more confusion in forum interactions at the end of the semester. (4) Positive emotion was prevailing for the entire population. Furthermore, compared with the low-achieving group, the high- performing group had higher emotion densities in three types of emotions.
“Digital citizenship” revisited: the impact of ICTs on citizens’ political communication beyond the Western state
(2018) Emmer, Martin; Kunst, Marlene
The role of ICTs in political participation has been a core topic in political communication research for about two decades. Numerous studies have tested whether the enthusiasm about the mobilizing impact of ICTs holds true. Most have been conducted in Western countries and, therefore, reflect a Western-centric understanding of politics and participation. Although these studies have provided insight into the potential of ICTs for established democracies, political and cultural contexts from developing world regions such as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have thus far been neglected. However, given the rapid dissemination of ICTs (e.g., mobile phones) and their innovative application in everyday life in developing countries, regions like SSA should be of particular interest for research in this field. This article aims to highlight the shortcomings of Western research and to recommend adjustments in future efforts to investigate effects of ICTs, including developing world regions, in order to develop a more robust empirical grounding for theories of participation.
Intentional Forgetting in Organizations: The Importance of Eliminating Retrieval Cues for Implementing New Routines
(2018) Kluge, Annette; Gronau, Norbert
To cope with the already large, and ever increasing, amount of information stored in organizational memory, “forgetting,” as an important human memory process, might be transferred to the organizational context. Especially in intentionally planned change processes (e.g., change management), forgetting is an important precondition to impede the recall of obsolete routines and adapt to new strategic objectives accompanied by new organizational routines. We first comprehensively review the literature on the need for organizational forgetting and particularly on accidental vs. intentional forgetting. We discuss the current state of the art of theory and empirical evidence on forgetting from cognitive psychology in order to infer mechanisms applicable to the organizational context. In this respect, we emphasize retrieval theories and the relevance of retrieval cues important for forgetting. Subsequently, we transfer the empirical evidence that the elimination of retrieval cues leads to faster forgetting to the forgetting of organizational routines, as routines are part of organizational memory. We then propose a classification of cues (context, sensory, business process-related cues) that are relevant in the forgetting of routines, and discuss a meta-cue called the “situational strength” cue, which is relevant if cues of an old and a new routine are present simultaneously. Based on the classification as business process-related cues (information, team, task, object cues), we propose mechanisms to accelerate forgetting by eliminating specific cues based on the empirical and theoretical state of the art. We conclude that in intentional organizational change processes, the elimination of cues to accelerate forgetting should be used in change management practices.
Popularity cues in online media: Theoretical and methodological perspectives in political communication research
(2018) Porten-Cheé, Pablo; Jost, Pablo; Eilders, Christiane; Maurer, Marcus; Haßler, Jörg
Popularitätshinweise wie Likes und Shares signalisieren grundsätzlich positive Nutzerreaktionen. Im Kontext politischer Kommunikation sind sie in ihrer aggregierten Form entweder Indikator für Relevanzzuweisungen von oder die Zustimmung zu Online-Beiträgen. Popularitätshinweise können aber auch Faktoren sein, welche die Wahrnehmung, das Verhalten und die Einstellungen des Publikums beeinflussen. Dieser Beitrag thematisiert theoretische und methodologische Aspekte für beide Perspektiven. Im Rückgriff auf Konzepte wie wahrgenommene Relevanz, Einstellungskonsonanz und Persuasion, werden zuerst die Gründe für das Liken und Sharen diskutiert. Danach wird die Wirkung von Popularitätshinweisen hauptsächlich vor dem Hintergrund der Schweigespiraltheorie und heuristischer Informationsverarbeitung erörtert. Die Informationsverarbeitung wird als Schlüsselfaktor identifiziert um zu verstehen, wie das Liken und Sharen politischer Inhalte entsteht und welche politischen Effekte Popularitätshinweise auf Individualebene hervorrufen. Die methodologische Diskussion bezieht sich auf Fragen der Datenerhebung, sowie der Validität und der Durchführbarkeit von Studien zu Popularitätshinweisen.
Provenance Management over Linked Data Streams
(2019) Liu, Qian; Wylot, Marcin; Le Phuoc, Danh; Hauswirth, Manfred
Provenance describes how results are produced starting from data sources, curation, recovery, intermediate processing, to the final results. Provenance has been applied to solve many problems and in particular to understand how errors are propagated in large-scale environments such as Internet of Things, Smart Cities. In fact, in such environments operations on data are often performed by multiple uncoordinated parties, each potentially introducing or propagating errors. These errors cause uncertainty of the overall data analytics process that is further amplified when many data sources are combined and errors get propagated across multiple parties. The ability to properly identify how such errors influence the results is crucial to assess the quality of the results. This problem becomes even more challenging in the case of Linked Data Streams, where data is dynamic and often incomplete. In this paper, we introduce methods to compute provenance over Linked Data Streams. More specifically, we propose provenance management techniques to compute provenance of continuous queries executed over complete Linked Data streams. Unlike traditional provenance management techniques, which are applied on static data, we focus strictly on the dynamicity and heterogeneity of Linked Data streams. Specifically, in this paper we describe: i) means to deliver a dynamic provenance trace of the results to the user, ii) a system capable to execute queries over dynamic Linked Data and compute provenance of these queries, and iii) an empirical evaluation of our approach using real-world datasets.
Visibility Through Information Sharing: The Role of Tweet Authors and Communication Styles in Retweeting Political Information on Twitter
(2019) Engelmann, Ines; Kloss, Andrea; Neuberger, Christoph; Brockmann, Tobias
If a speaker’s political message on Twitter is retweeted, both the speaker and the message become visible to a wider network of Twitter users, making the tweet actor more prominent on the Twittersphere or beyond. This study analyzes the effects of different types of tweet authors (such as politicians, journalists, economic actors, members of nonprofit interest groups, and citizens) and the communication styles of political information (affect and rationality) on the number of retweets. The potential effects of these factors are hypothesized based on the heuristic-systematic model but are also discussed in the normative context of public sphere theories. A content analysis of 4,403 tweets shows that the author types, communication styles, and their interactions affect the number of retweets. The theoretical and normative implications of these results are discussed.
Creativity and Productivity In Product Design for Additive Manufacturing: Mechanisms and Platform Outcomes of Remixing
(2019) Friesike, Sascha; Flath, Christoph M.; Wirth, Marco; Thiesse, Frédéric
The present study explores the phenomenon of remixing in product design for additive manufacturing (AM). In contrast to other manufacturing techniques, AM offers unprecedented flexibility in adapting existing product designs to changing requirements. However, in order to benefit from this potential, structured design procedures and tools are indispensable. As a possible solution, online platforms for collaborative 3D model creation are increasingly implementing features for remixing, a concept describing the creation of new models on the foundation of existing design elements. Against this backdrop, the objective of this research is to provide evidence for the value of remixing as an organizational intervention for improving product design processes. To this end, we present a mixed methods approach using data from Thingiverse, the world's largest AM-related online community. In a first step, we investigate qualitative data from 81 individual remix-based designs to identify the underlying mechanisms of remixing. We identify six such mechanisms that can further be grouped by the intended outcome of the respective process (creativity-oriented: inspiration, play, learning; productivity- oriented: speed, improvement, empowerment). In a second step, we turn to a quantita- tive analysis of platform data, which indicates that remixing may lead to better design process outcomes in terms of quantity and diversity of designs. Furthermore, we find that designs created by remixing designers are significantly more often printed by com- munity members suggesting that remixing helps ensure manufacturing compatibility akin to continuous process improvement. Our research has several implications for individual designers and organizations engaging with product design for AM.
Privacy Icons
(2019) Efroni, Z.; Metzger, J.; Mischau, L.; Schirmbeck, Marie
Although the institution of consent within the General Data Protection Regulation intends to facilitate the exercise of personal autonomy, reality paints a different picture. Due to a host of structural and psychological deficits, the process of giving consent is often neither informed nor does it foster self-determination. One key element in addressing this shortcoming is the visualisation of relevant information through icons. This article outlines a riskbased methodology for the selection, design and implementation of such privacy icons. It lays the groundwork for identifying risky data processing aspects as a first step in a larger project of creating a privacy icons set to accompany privacy policies. The ultimate goal of the privacy icons is to assist users in making better informed consent decisions through the visualisation of data processing aspects based on their inherent risks.
Audit - and then what? A roadmap for digitization of learning factories
(2019) Ullrich, André; Enke, Judith; Teichmann, Malte; Kreß, Antonio; Gronau, Norbert
Current trends such as digital transformation, Internet of Things, or Industry 4.0 are challenging the majority of learning factories. Regardless of whether a conventional learning factory, a model factory, or a digital learning factory, traditional approaches such as the monotonous execution of specific instructions don‘t suffice the learner’s needs, market requirements as well as especially current technological developments. Contemporary teaching environments need a clear strategy, a road to follow for being able to successfully cope with the changes and develop towards digitized learning factories. This demand driven necessity of transformation leads to another obstacle: Assessing the status quo and developing and implementing adequate action plans. Within this paper, details of a maturity-based audit of the hybrid learning factory in the Research and Application Centre Industry 4.0 and a thereof derived roadmap for the digitization of a learning factory are presented.
Subject-oriented learning - A new perspective for vocational training in learning factories
(2019) Teichmann, Malte; Ullrich, André; Gronau, Norbert
The transformation to a digitized company changes not only the work but also social context for the employees and requires inter alia new knowledge and skills from them. Additionally, individual action problems arise. This contribution proposes the subject-oriented learning theory, in which the employees´ action problems are the starting point of training activities in learning factories. In this contribution, the subject-oriented learning theory is exemplified and respective advantages for vocational training in learning factories are pointed out both theoretically and practically. Thereby, especially the individual action problems of learners and the infrastructure are emphasized as starting point for learning processes and competence development.
Der digitale Wandel der Wissensordnung. Theorierahmen für die Analyse von Wahrheit, Wissen und Rationalität in der öffentlichen Kommunikation
(2019) Neuberger, Christoph; Bartsch, Anne; Reinemann, Carsten; Fröhlich, Romy; Hanitzsch, Thomas; Schindler, Johanna
Populäre Krisendiagnosen zur Verbreitung von Falschinformationen, zur Erosion einer gemeinsamen Wissensbasis und zur Infragestellung epistemischer Autoritäten haben in den letzten Jahren nicht nur Sorgen um die Wissensordnung in liberalen Demokratien ausgelöst, sondern auch zu erheblichen Forschungsaktivitäten in der Kommunikationswissenschaft geführt. Allerdings steht eine Integration der empirischen Befunde zu den zahlreichen Einzelaspekten in einen Theorierahmen noch aus. Der Zweck eines solchen Rahmens besteht darin, den digitalen Wandel der Genese, Prüfung, Distribution und Aneignung von Wissen in der medienöffentlichen Kommunikation systematisch zu beschreiben und zu erklären. Ausgehend von den Grundbegriffen Wahrheit, Wissen und Rationalität wird ein Modell der Wissensordnung entwickelt, das Phasen, Kontexte, Hierarchiestufen und Rollen unterscheidet. Das Internet tendiert zur Auflösung der bisherigen Wissensordnung, d. h. zu einem Kollaps der Kontexte, zur Nivellierung der epistemischen Hierarchie, zur Auflösung der Phasenfolge des Wissensprozesses, zum offenen Zugang zu bislang exklusiven Rollen und zur Entstehung von Hybridrollen. Es wird demonstriert, wie das Modell zur Aufarbeitung des Forschungsstands, zur Ableitung einer Forschungsagenda und für Gestaltungsempfehlungen eingesetzt werden kann
Unifying the Detrimental and Beneficial Effects of Social Network Site Use on Self-Esteem: A Systematic Literature Review
(2019) Krause, Hannes-Vincent; Baum, Katharina; Baumann, Annika; Krasnova, Hanna
Previous research offers equivocal results regarding the effect of social networking site use on individuals’ self-esteem. We conduct a systematic literature review to examine the existing literature and develop a theoretical framework in order to classify the results. The framework proposes that self-esteem is affected by three distinct processes that incorporate self-evaluative information: social comparison processes, social feedback processing, and self-reflective processes. Due to particularities of the social networking site environment, the accessibility and quality of selfevaluative information is altered, which leads to online-specific effects on users’ self-esteem. Results of the reviewed studies suggest that when a social networking site is used to compare oneself with others, it mostly results in decreases in users’ selfesteem. On the other hand, receiving positive social feedback from others or using these platforms to reflect on one’s own self is mainly associated with benefits for users’ self-esteem. Nevertheless, inter-individual differences and the specific activities performed by users on these platforms should be considered when predicting individual effects.
How do news entrepreneurs view the future of their profession? Four theses on tomorrow’s journalism
(2019) Keinert, Alexa; Heft, Annett; Dogruel, Leyla
In view of fundamental transformations in the media landscape, the future of professional journalism is not only debated among communication scholars but also among journalists and media professionals. Relying on interviews with journalists and founders of German news start-ups, we contribute to this debate and present news entrepreneurs’ perceptions on (1) the core functions of journalism in the future and (2) trends regarding journalism concepts, organisational forms, and revenue models of professional journalism. Based on our findings, four trends can be identified: (1) Professional journalism must focus on comprehensively investigated ›good stories‹. (2) The illusion of objective journalism is replaced by journalism with attitude. (3) Collaboration is the future organisational form in journalism. (4) The funding of professional journalism must increasingly come from civil society.
Algorithmic Governance
(2019) Katzenbach, Christian; Ulbricht, Lena
Algorithmic governance as a key concept in controversies around the emerging digital society highlights the idea that digital technologies produce social ordering in a specific way. Starting with the origins of the concept, this paper portrays different perspectives and objects of inquiry where algorithmic governance has gained prominence ranging from the public sector to labour management and ordering digital communication. Recurrent controversies across all sectors such as datafication and surveillance, bias, agency and transparency indicate that the concept of algorithmic governance allows to bring objects of inquiry and research fields that had not been related before into a joint conversation. Short case studies on predictive policy and automated content moderation show that algorithmic governance is multiple, contingent and contested. It takes different forms in different contexts and jurisdictions, and it is shaped by interests, power, and resistance.
The effects of likes on public opinion perception and personal opinion
(2019) Porten-Cheé, Pablo; Eilders, Christiane
Drawing on the spiral of silence theory and heuristic information pro- cessing, we contend that individuals use likes as sources for assessing public opinion. We further argue that individuals may even adapt their personal opinions to the tenor reflected in those cues. The assumptions were tested using data from an experiment involving 501 participants, who encountered media items on two issues with or without likes. The findings show that respondents inferred public opinion from the media bias if it was supported by likes, however, only in cases of high levels of fear of social isolation. Respondents further adapted their personal opinion to the media bias if it was supported by likes.
Wie sehen News-Entrepreneurs die Zukunft ihrer Profession? Vier Thesen zum Journalismus von morgen
(2019) Keinert, Alexa; Heft, Annett; Dogruel, Leyla
Die Frage nach der Zukunft des professionellen Journalismus treibt angesichts der Transformationen in der Medienlandschaft nicht nur die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Forschung um, sondern auch die Branche selbst. Auf Grundlage von Leitfadeninterviews mit Journalist*innen und Gründer*innen von deutschen News-Start-ups tragen wir zu dieser Debatte bei. Wir fragen nach (1) den zentralen Funktionen eines zukunftsfähigen Journalismus sowie nach (2) den Zukunftstrends hinsichtlich Journalismuskonzepten, Organisationsformen und Erlösmodellen aus Sicht der News- Entrepreneurs. Ausgehend von diesen Einschätzungen können vier Trends identifiziert werden: (1) Der professionelle Journalismus besinnt sich auf umfassend recherchierte, ›gute Geschichten‹. (2) Die Illusion eines objektiven Journalismus wird durch einen Journalismus mit Haltung und Persönlichkeit abgelöst. (3) Die Organisationsform des Journalismus der Zukunft heißt Kollaboration. (4) Die Finanzierung des professionellen Journalismus muss zukünftig verstärkt aus der Zivilgesellschaft kommen.
College-aged Users Behavioral Strategies to Reduce Envy on Social Networking Sites: A Cross-cultural Investigation
(2019) Wenninger, Helena; Cheung, Christy; Krasnova, Hanna
Social networking sites (SNSs) are central to social interaction and information sharing in the digital age. However, consuming social information on SNSs invites social upward comparisons with highly socially desirable profile representations, which easily elicits envy in users and leads to unfavorable behaviors on SNSs. This in turn can erode the subjective well-being of users and the sustainability of the SNS platform. Therefore, this paper seeks to develop a better theoretical understanding of how users respond to envy on SNSs. We review literature on envy in offline interactions to derive three behavioral strategies to reduce envy, which we then transfer to the SNS context (self-enhancement, gossiping, and discontinuous intention). Further, we propose a research model and examine how culture, specifically individualism-collectivism, affects the relationship between envy on an SNS and the three strategies. We empirically test the variance-based structural equation model through survey data collected of Facebook users from Germany and Hong Kong. Our findings provide first insights into the link between envy on SNSs, related behavioral strategies and the moderating role of individualism for self-enhancement.
Mediated democracy – Linking digital technology to political agency
(2019) Hofmann, Jeanette
Although the relationship between digitalisation and democracy is subject of growing public attention, the nature of this relationship is rarely addressed in a systematic manner. The common understanding is that digital media are the driver of the political change we are facing today. This paper argues against such a causal approach und proposes a co-evolutionary perspective instead. Inspired by Benedict Anderson's "Imagined Communities" and recent research on mediatisation, it introduces the concept of mediated democracy. This concept reflects the simple idea that representative democracy requires technical mediation, and that the rise of modern democracy and of communication media are therefore closely intertwined. Hence, mediated democracy denotes a research perspective, not a type of democracy. It explores the changing interplay of democratic organisation and communication media as a contingent constellation, which could have evolved differently. Specific forms of communication media emerge in tandem with larger societal formations and mutually enable each other. Following this argument, the current constellation reflects a transformation of representative democracy and the spread of digital media. The latter is interpreted as a "training ground" for experimenting with new forms of democratic agency.

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