Digitale Technologien in der Gesellschaft

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https://www.weizenbaum-library.de/handle/id/305
In diesem Forschungsschwerpunkt sollen der Zusammenhang zwischen Digitalisierung, Teilhabe und Ungleichheit erforscht, die Nutzung digitaler Technologien für Teilhabechancen gestaltend erprobt und gegen neue Ungleichheiten interveniert werden. Dafür werden Perspektiven der Wirtschaftsinformatik, der Designforschung und der Informatik zusammengeführt.

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    ResumeTailor: Improving Resume Quality Through Co-Creative Tools
    (IOS Press, 2023) Delobelle, Pieter; Wang, Sonja Mei; Berendt, Bettina; Lukowicz, Paul; Mayer, Sven; Koch, Janin; Shawe-Taylor, John; Tiddi, Ilaria
    Clear and well-written resumes can help jobseekers find better and better-suited jobs. However, many people struggle with writing their resumes, especially if they just entered the job market. Although many tools have been created to help write resumes, an analysis we conducted showed us that these tools focus mainly on layout and only give very limited content-related support. This paper presents a co-creative resume building tool that provides tailored advice to jobseekers. It is based on a comprehensive computational analysis of 444k resumes and the development of a Dutch language model, ResumeRobBERT, to provide contextual suggestions. Through the analysis of the resumes, we found that some expected sections, such as language proficiency, are often missing entirely, while conversely some resumes contain unexpected content, such as negative personality traits. This implies that jobseekers could benefit from more guidance when writing resumes. We aim to support them in the resume-writing process through our tool ResumeTailor, a co-creative resume building tool that gives textual suggestions and provides a template for important resume sections.
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    Gewissensbisse - Fallbeispiele zu ethischen Problemen der Informatik
    (transcript Verlag, 2023) Class, Christina B.; Coy, Wolfgang; Kurz, Constanze; Obert, Otto; Rehak, Rainer; Trinitis, Carsten; Ullrich, Stefan; Weber-Wulff, Debora
    Die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten moderner IT-Systeme bringen drängende ethische Probleme mit sich. Neben der offensichtlichen Frage nach einer moralisch tragbaren Verwendung von Informationstechnologien sind ebenso die Aspekte des Entwerfens, Herstellens und Betreibens derselben entscheidend. Die Beiträge setzen sich mit dem Konfliktpotenzial zwischen Technik und Ethik auseinander, indem sie lebensnahe Fallbeispiele vorstellen und fragenbasiert zur Diskussion einladen. Damit liefern sie eine praktische Herangehensweise zum gemeinsamen Nachdenken über moralische Gebote und ethischen Umgang mit IT-Systemen und ihren Möglichkeiten. Der Band eignet sich damit in hervorragender Weise zum Vermitteln und Erlernen von ethischer Reflexions- und Handlungskompetenz in der Informatik sowie im Umgang mit IT-Technologien überhaupt.
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    How Far Can It Go? On Intrinsic Gender Bias Mitigation for Text Classification
    (Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023) Tokpo, Ewoenam Kwaku; Delobelle, Pieter; Berendt, Bettina; Calders, Toon
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    Diversity and bias in DBpedia and Wikidata as a challenge for text-analysis tools
    (2023) Berendt, Bettina; Karadeniz, Oğuz Özgür; Kıyak, Sercan; Mertens, Stefan; D'Haenens, Leen
    Diversity Searcher is a tool originally developed to help analyse diversity in news media texts. It relies on automated content analysis and thus rests on prior assumptions and depends on certain design choices related to diversity. One such design choice is the external knowledge source(s) used. In this article, we discuss implications that these sources can have on the results of content analysis. We compare two data sources that Diversity Searcher has worked with – DBpedia and Wikidata – with respect to their ontological coverage and diversity, and describe implications for the resulting analyses of text corpora. We describe a case study of the relative over- or underrepresentation of Belgian political parties between 1990 and 2020. In particular, we found a staggering overrepresentation of the political right in the English-language DBpedia.
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    The AI Act Proposal: Towards the next transparency fallacy? Why AI regulation should be based on principles based on how algorithmic discrimination works
    (Mohr Siebeck, 2022) Berendt, Bettina; Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz; Rostalski, Frauke
    Artificial Intelligence (AI) can entail large benefits as well as risks. The goals of protecting individuals and society and establishing conditions under which citizens find AI “trustworthy” and developers and vendors can produce and sell AI, the ways in which AI works have to be understood better and rules have to be established and enforced to mitigate the risks. This task can only be undertaken in collaboration. Computer scientists are called upon to align data, algorithms, procedures and larger designs with values, ‘ethics’ and laws. Social scientists are called upon to describe and analyse the plethora of interdependent effects and causes in socio-technical systems involving AI. Philosophers are expected to explain values and ethics. And legal experts and scholars as well as politicians are expected to create the social rules and institutions that support beneficial uses of AI and avoid harmful ones. This article starts from a computers-and-society perspective and focuses on the action space of lawmaking. It suggests an approach to AI regulation that starts from a critique of the European Union’s (EU) proposal for a Regulation commonly known as the AI Act Proposal, published by the EU Commission on 21 April 2021.