Digitale Technologien in der Gesellschaft

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In diesem Forschungsschwerpunkt sollen der Zusammenhang zwischen Digitalisierung, Teilhabe und Ungleichheit erforscht, die Nutzung digitaler Technologien für Teilhabechancen gestaltend erprobt und gegen neue Ungleichheiten interveniert werden. Dafür werden Perspektiven der Wirtschaftsinformatik, der Designforschung und der Informatik zusammengeführt.

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    The differential effects of self-view in virtual meetings when speaking vs. listening
    (2024) Abramova, Olga; Gladkaya, Margarita; Krasnova, Hanna
    With the surging reliance on videoconferencing tools, users may find themselves staring at their reflections for hours a day. We refer to this phenomenon as self-referential information (SRI) consumption and examine its consequences and the mechanism behind them. Building on self-awareness research and the strength model of self-control, we argue that SRI consumption heightens the state of self-awareness and thereby depletes participants’ mental resources, eventually undermining virtual meeting (VM) outcomes. Our findings from a European employee sample revealed contrary effects of SRI consumption across speaker vs listener roles. Engagement with self-view is positively associated with self-awareness, which, in turn, is negatively related to satisfaction with VM process, perceived productivity, and enjoyment. Looking at the self while listening to others exhibits adverse direct and indirect (via self-awareness) effects on VM outcomes. However, looking at the self when speaking exhibits positive direct effects on satisfaction with VM process and enjoyment.
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    “Guilds” as Worker Empowerment and Control in a Chinese Data Work Platform
    (Association for Computing Machinery, 2024) Yang, Tianling; Miceli, Milagros
    Data work plays a fundamental role in the development of algorithmic systems and the AI industry. It is often performed in business process outsourcing (BPO) companies and crowdsourcing platforms, involving a global and distributed workforce as well as networks of collaborative actors. Previous work on community building among data workers centers organization and mutual support or focuses on the structuring and instrumentalization of crowdworker groups for complicated projects. We add to these lines of research by focusing on a specific form of community building encouraged and facilitated by platforms in China: guilds. Based on ethnographic work on a Chinese crowdsourcing platform and 14 semi-structured interviews with data workers, our findings show that guilds are a form of both worker empowerment and control. With this work, we add a nuanced empirical case to the interconnection of BPOs, online communities and crowdsourcing platforms in the current data production sector in China, thus expanding previous investigations on global perspectives of data production. We discuss guilds in relation to individual workers and highlight their effects on data work, including efficient coordination, enhanced standardization, and flattened power structure.
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    What is Next for Civic Design?
    (2024) de Kreek, Mike; Mosselaer, Ferry Ferry van de; Newell, Katrina; Waal, Martijn de; Gordon, Eric; Vlachokyriakos, Vasilis; Hamm, Andrea; Ferri, Gabriele; Jaskiewicz, Tomasz; Smeenk, Wina; Choi, Jaz Hee-jeong; Gray, C.; Hekkert, P.; Forlano, L.; Ciuccarelli, P.
    This conversation started from the observation that contrasting logics between civic initiatives and institutional approaches often make it challenging for the former to become sustainable and increase their impact. We therefore explored how civic design could enhance the significance of local civic initiatives within institutional settings. The vivid conversation rendered three key orientations in civic design: 1) operating from within the community, 2) focusing on the interaction between civic initiatives and governmental and academic institutions, and 3) taking a transformational perspective on the interplay between civil society and its institutional context in the information age. We identified prompting questions on four important topics, primarily related to the second orientation: listening to citizens, fostering collaborative relationships, ensuring continuity through funding, and scaling or spreading local civic initiatives. These questions contribute to the agenda for next steps on the role of civic design.
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    Investigating Innovation Diffusion in Gender-Specific Medicine: Insights from Social Network Analysis
    (2024) Baum, Katharina; Baumann, Annika; Batzel, Katharina
    The field of healthcare is characterized by constant innovation, with gender-specific medicine emerging as a new subfield that addresses sex and gender disparities in clinical manifestations, outcomes, treatment, and prevention of disease. Despite its importance, the adoption of gender-specific medicine remains understudied, posing potential risks to patient outcomes due to a lack of awareness of the topic. Building on the Innovation Decision Process Theory, this study examines the spread of information about gender-specific medicine in online networks. The study applies social network analysis to a Twitter dataset reflecting online discussions about the topic to gain insights into its adoption by health professionals and patients online. Results show that the network has a community structure with limited information exchange between sub-communities and that mainly medical experts dominate the discussion. The findings suggest that the adoption of gender-specific medicine might be in its early stages, focused on knowledge exchange. Understanding the diffusion of gender-specific medicine among medical professionals and patients may facilitate its adoption and ultimately improve health outcomes.
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    Dreaming of AI: environmental sustainability and the promise of participation
    (2024) Zehner, Nicolas; Ullrich, André
    There is widespread consensus among policymakers that climate change and digitalisation constitute the most pressing global transformations shaping human life in the 21st century. Seeking to address the challenges arising at this juncture, governments, technologists and scientists alike increasingly herald artificial intelligence (AI) as a vehicle to propel climate change mitigation and adaptation. In this paper, we explore the intersection of digitalisation and climate change by examining the deployment of AI in government-led climate action. Building on participant observations conducted in the context of the “Civic Tech Lab for Green”—a government-funded public interest AI initiative—and eight expert interviews, we investigate how AI shapes the negotiation of environmental sustainability as an issue of public interest. Challenging the prescribed means–end relationship between AI and environmental protection, we argue that the unquestioned investment in AI curtails political imagination and displaces discussion of climate “problems” and possible “solutions” with “technology education”. This line of argumentation is rooted in empirical findings that illuminate three key tensions in current coproduction efforts: “AI talk vs. AI walk”, “civics washing vs. civics involvement” and “public invitation vs. public participation”. Emphasising the importance of re-exploring the innovative state in climate governance, this paper extends academic literature in science and technology studies that examines