Digitale Märkte und Öffentlichkeiten auf Plattformen

Dauerhafte URI für die Sammlung

https://www.weizenbaum-library.de/handle/id/309

Listen

Gerade angezeigt 1 - 20 von 64

Dynamics of opinion expression
(2020) Gaisbauer, Felix; Olbrich, Eckehard; Banisch, Sven
Modeling efforts in opinion dynamics have to a large extent ignored that opinion exchange between individuals can also have an effect on how willing they are to express their opinion publicly. Here, we introduce a model of public opinion expression. Two groups of agents with different opinion on an issue interact with each other, changing the willingness to express their opinion according to whether they perceive themselves as part of the majority or minority opinion. We formulate the model as a multigroup majority game and investigate the Nash equilibria. We also provide a dynamical systems perspective: Using the reinforcement learning algorithm of Q-learning, we reduce the N-agent system in a mean-field approach to two dimensions which represent the two opinion groups. This two-dimensional system is analyzed in a comprehensive bifurcation analysis of its parameters. The model identifies social-structural conditions for public opinion predominance of different groups. Among other findings, we show under which circumstances a minority can dominate public discourse.
Twitter Explorer: A Framework for Observing Twitter through Interactive Networks
(2021) Pournaki, Armin; Gaisbauer, Felix; Banisch, Sven; Olbrich, Eckehard
We present an open-source interface for scientists to explore Twitter data through interactive network visualizations. Combining data collection, transformation and visualization in one easily accessible framework, the twitter explorer connects distant and close reading of Twitter data through the interactive exploration of interaction networks and semantic networks. By lowering the technological barriers of data-driven research, it aims to attract researchers from various disciplinary backgrounds and facilitates new perspectives in the thriving field of computational social science.
Ideological differences in engagement in public debate on Twitter
(2021) Gaisbauer, Felix; Pournaki, Armin; Banisch, Sven; Olbrich, Eckehard; Guidi, Barbara
This article analyses public debate on Twitter via network representations of retweets and replies. We argue that tweets observable on Twitter have both a direct and mediated effect on the perception of public opinion. Through the interplay of the two networks, it is possible to identify potentially misleading representations of public opinion on the platform. The method is employed to observe public debate about two events: The Saxon state elections and violent riots in the city of Leipzig in 2019. We show that in both cases, (i) different opinion groups exhibit different propensities to get involved in debate, and therefore have unequal impact on public opinion. Users retweeting far-right parties and politicians are significantly more active, hence their positions are disproportionately visible. (ii) Said users act significantly more confrontational in the sense that they reply mostly to users from different groups, while the contrary is not the case.
Gute Wissenschaftskommunikation in der digitalen Welt. Politische, ökonomische, technische und regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Qualitätssicherung
(Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2022) Weingart, Peter; Wormer, Holger; Schildhauer, Thomas; Fähnrich, Birte; Jarren, Otfried; Neuberger, Christoph; Passoth, Jan-Hendrik; Wagner, Gert G.
Die Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe „Implikationen der Digitalisierung für die Qualität der Wissenschaftskommunikation“ der BBAW hat von 2018 bis 2021 untersucht, wie sich die Qualität der Wissenschaftskommunikation unter den Bedingungen der Digitalisierung verändert und welche Herausforderungen sich aus den Veränderungen für die aufgeklärte Meinungsbildung in der Demokratie ergeben. Im vorliegenden Heft erfolgt eine Beschreibung und Analyse der Kontextfaktoren von Wissenschaftskommunikation in der digitalen Medienumwelt, der damit verbundenen wissenschaftspolitischen Veränderungen, von medienökonomischen Faktoren für die Qualitätssicherung der Wissenschaftskommunikation und der soziotechnischen Veränderungen. Es werden zudem die Herausforderungen bei der Regulierung von Plattformen zur Qualitätssicherung von Wissenschaftskommunikation skizziert und Empfehlungen für Akteur:innen des Wissenschaftssystems sowie Gesetzgeber und Regulierer formuliert.
OSD2F: An Open-Source Data Donation Framework
(2022) Araujo, Theo; Ausloos, Jef; van Atteveldt, Wouter; Loecherbach, Felicia; Moeller, Judith; Ohme, Jakob; Trilling, Damian; van de Velde, Bob; De Vreese, Claes H.; Welbers, Kasper
The digital traces that people leave through their use of various online platforms provide tremendous opportunities for studying human behavior. However, the collection of these data is hampered by legal, ethical, and technical challenges. We present a framework and tool for collecting these data through a data donation platform where consenting participants can securely submit their digital traces. This approach leverages recent developments in data rights that have given people more control over their own data, such as legislation that now mandates companies to make digital trace data available on request in a machine-readable format. By transparently requesting access to specific parts of this data for clearly communicated academic purposes, the data ownership and privacy of participants is respected, and researchers are less dependent on commercial organizations that store this data in proprietary archives. In this paper we outline the general design principles, the current state of the tool, and future development goals.
Information processing on smartphones in public versus private
(2022) Ohme, Jakob; Searles, Kathleen; De Vreese, Claes H.
People increasingly turn to news on mobile devices, often while out and about, attending to daily tasks. Yet, we know little about whether attention to and learning from information on a mobile differs by the setting of use. This study builds on Multiple Resource Theory (Wickens, 1984) and the Resource Competition Framework (Oulasvirta et al., 2005) to compare visual attention to a dynamic newsfeed, varying only the setting: private or public. We use mobile eye-tracking to evaluate the effects of setting on attention and assess correspondent learning differences after exposure to the feed, which allows us to uncover a relationship between attention and learning. Findings indicate higher visual attention to mobile newsfeed posts in public, relative to a private setting. Moreover, scrolling through news on a smartphone in public attenuates some knowledge gain but is beneficial for other learning outcomes.
Öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk und Plattformen: Programmatik, Prinzip, Praxis, Projekt
(Nomos, 2022) Neuberger, Christoph; Gerlach, Frauke; Eilders, Christiane
Digitale Öffentlichkeit und liberale Demokratie
(Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, 2022) Neuberger, Christoph; Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung
Digitale Öffentlichkeit und liberale Demokratie
(2022) Neuberger, Christoph
The paradox of knowing more and less: Audience metrics and the erosion of epistemic standards on the internet
(2022) Haim, Mario; Neuberger, Christoph
Der Journalismus ist für moderne Demokratien wichtig, weil er valides Wissen über aktuelle Ereignisse in Form von Nachrichten produziert. Gesellschaftlich akzeptierte epistemische Standards und die professionelle Objektivitätsnorm tragen zum gesellschaftlichen Wissensvorrat bei und ermöglichen fundierte Entscheidungen. Ergänzt wird diese journalistische Funktion der Umweltbeobachtung durch das Wissen über das Publikum. Das Wissen über das Publikum bestimmt sowohl die Erwartungen des Journalismus als auch jene der Rezipierenden an das Mitpublikum. Es ermöglicht die Herausbildung gemeinsamer epistemischer Standards, wodurch sich das Risiko von Kritik bei der Teilnahme am öffentlichen Diskurs verringert. Die veränderten Möglichkeiten und auch Notwendigkeiten der Publikumsbeobachtung im Internet haben den Weg dafür geebnet, dass sich Redaktionen mit maßgeschneiderten epistemischen Standards an das erwartete Publikum wenden. Ein solcher zielgruppenspezifischer Zuschnitt epistemischer Standards steht im Gegensatz zu geteilten Normen und hat zum Paradoxon geführt, dass die Zunahme des Wissens über das Publikum möglicherweise mit weniger gemeinsam geteiltem Wissen über aktuelle Ereignisse einhergeht, weil professionelle Standards nicht mehr geteilt werden. Auf der Grundlage dieser Diagnose diskutieren wir zwei mögliche Zukunftspfade für epistemische Standards im Internet: einen negativen, bei dem die Polarisierung aufgrund einer verstärkten Identifikation mit epistemisch distinkten Zielgruppen zunehmen könnte, und einen positiven, bei dem diskursive Räume einen institutionalisierten Diskurs epistemischer Standards zwischen Journalismus und Publikum ermöglichen.
How to capture the relations and dynamics within the networked public sphere? Modes of interaction as a new concept
(Nomos, 2022) Neuberger, Christoph; Krämer, Benjamin; Müller, Philipp
The aim of this chapter is to suggest ways to better capture the diversity of constellations and the dynamics of interactions in the public sphere, triggered by the digital transformation. The starting point is the question of why relations and dynamics should be considered more in communica tion studies and how they have been researched so far. In this respect, the limits of public sphere theory and social network analysis (SNA) are discussed. To overcome these limits, I propose a theoretical framework that combines public sphere theory and SNA with – as a third and new concept – modes of interaction. Such modes of interaction are ideal-typical patterns of interaction between actors in different constellations – namely, diffusion, mobilization, conflict, cooperation, competition, and scandal. Afterwards, I discuss these modes of interaction in the context of different societal subsystems and phases of media change in order to demonstrate their heuristic value. Traditional mass media foster the universalization of competition in several dimensions because competition requires only one- way relations of observation and influence. The Internet supports the interactive, multi-stage, and sequential communication that is characteristic of conflict and cooperation.
Extracting the interdisciplinary specialty structures in social media data-based research: A clustering-based network approach
(2022) Fan, Yangliu; Lehmann, Sune; Blok, Anders
As science is becoming more interdisciplinary and potentially more data driven over time, it is important to investigate the changing specialty structures and the emerging intellectual patterns of research ﬁelds and domains. By employing a clustering-based network approach, we map the contours of a novel interdisciplinary domain – research using social media data – and analyze how the specialty structures and intellectual contributions are organized and evolve. We construct and validate a large-scale (N = 12,732) dataset of research papers using social media data from the Web of Science (WoS) database, complementing it with citation relationships from the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) database. We conduct cluster analyses in three types of citation-based empirical networks and compare the observed features with those generated by null network models. Overall, we ﬁnd three core thematic research subﬁelds – interdisciplinary socio-cultural sciences, health sciences, and geo-informatics – that designate the main epicenter of research interests recognized by this domain itself. Nevertheless, at the global topological level of all networks, we observe an increasingly interdisciplinary trend over the years, fueled by publications not only from core ﬁelds such as communication and computer science, but also from a wide variety of ﬁelds in the social sciences, natural sciences, and technology. Our results characterize the specialty structures of this domain at a time of growing emphasis on big social data, and we discuss the implications for indicating interdisciplinarity.
Modelling Spirals of Silence and Echo Chambers by Learning from the Feedback of Others
(2022) Banisch, Sven; Gaisbauer, Felix; Olbrich, Eckehard
What are the mechanisms by which groups with certain opinions gain public voice and force others holding a different view into silence? Furthermore, how does social media play into this? Drawing on neuroscientific insights into the processing of social feedback, we develop a theoretical model that allows us to address these questions. In repeated interactions, individuals learn whether their opinion meets public approval and refrain from expressing their standpoint if it is socially sanctioned. In a social network sorted around opinions, an agent forms a distorted impression of public opinion enforced by the communicative activity of the different camps. Even strong majorities can be forced into silence if a minority acts as a cohesive whole. On the other hand, the strong social organisation around opinions enabled by digital platforms favours collective regimes in which opposing voices are expressed and compete for primacy in public. This paper highlights the role that the basic mechanisms of social information processing play in massive computer-mediated interactions on opinions.
Proceedings of the Weizenbaum Conference 2023. AI, Big Data, Social Media and People on the Move
(Weizenbaum Institute, 2023) Berendt, Bettina; Krzywdzinski, Martin; Kuznetsova, Elizaveta
The contributions focus on the question of what role different digital technologies play for “people on the move” - with “people on the move” being understood both spatially (migration and flight) and in terms of economic and social change (changing working conditions, access conditions). The authors discuss phenomena such as disinformation and algorithmic bias from different perspectives, and the possibilities, limits and dangers of generative artificial intelligence.
Sicherheit und Freiheit in der digitalen Öffentlichkeit
(transcript, 2023) Neuberger, Christoph; Saam, Nicole J.; Bielefeldt, Heiner
A centrality analysis of the Lightning Network
(2023) Zabka, Philipp; Förster, Klaus-T.; Decker, Christian; Schmid, Stefan
Blockchain technology has a huge impact on our digital society by enabling a more decentralized economy and policy making. This decentralization is also pivotal in payment Payment channel networks (PCNs), including the Lightning Network, have emerged as a promising solution to the scalability challenges that many blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, grapple with. These PCNs, while innovative, also inherit the rigorous dependability demands of the blockchain. A pivotal aspect of this dependability is the need for a high degree of decentralization, essential for mitigating liquidity bottlenecks and on-path attacks.
Crisis Communication on Twitter: Differences Between User Types in Top Tweets About the 2015 “Refugee Crisis” in Germany
(2023) Kapidzic, Sanja; Frey, Felix; Neuberger, Christoph; Stieglitz, Stefan; Mirbabaie, Milad
The study explores differences between three user types in the top tweets about the 2015 “refugee crisis” in Germany and presents the results of a quantitative content analysis. All tweets with the keyword “Flüchtlinge” posted for a monthlong period following September 13, 2015, the day Germany decided to implement border controls, were collected (N = 763,752). The top 2,495 tweets according to number of retweets were selected for analysis. Differences between news media, public and private actor tweets in topics, tweet characteristics such as tone and opinion expression, links, and specific sentiments toward refugees were analyzed. We found strong differences between the tweets. Public actor tweets were the main source of positive sentiment toward refugees and the main information source on refugee support. News media tweets mostly reflected traditional journalistic norms of impartiality and objectivity, whereas private actor tweets were more diverse in sentiments toward refugees.
Grounding force-directed network layouts with latent space models
(2023) Gaisbauer, Felix; Pournaki, Armin; Banisch, Sven; Olbrich, Eckehard
Force-directed layout algorithms are ubiquitously used tools for network visualization. However, existing algorithms either lack clear interpretation, or they are based on techniques of dimensionality reduction which simply seek to preserve network-immanent topological features, such as geodesic distance. We propose an alternative layout algorithm. The forces of the algorithm are derived from latent space models, which assume that the probability of nodes forming a tie depends on their distance in an unobserved latent space. As opposed to previous approaches, this grounds the algorithm in a plausible interaction mechanism. The forces infer positions which maximise the likelihood of the given network under the latent space model. We implement these forces for unweighted, multi-tie, and weighted networks. We then showcase the algorithm by applying it to Facebook friendship, and Twitter follower and retweet networks; we also explore the possibility of visualizing data traditionally not seen as network data, such as survey data. Comparison to existing layout algorithms reveals that node groups are placed in similar configurations, while said algorithms show a stronger intra-cluster separation of nodes, as well as a tendency to separate clusters more strongly in multi-tie networks, such as Twitter retweet networks.
Conditions of Campaigning in Dissonant Public Spheres and Crisis of Democracy
(2023) Pfetsch, Barbara
Political campaigns have always been closely related to the technical conditions of media infrastructures, the social conditions of voters, and the political opportunities within which parties and movements compete. As campaigning has developed through the four ages of political communication (Blumler, Citation2015; Norris, Citation2002), it is now shaped by the affordances of digital platforms and networked communication ecologies in addition to legacy media infrastructures. In the environment of hybrid media systems (Chadwick, Citation2013), campaigning has also become hybrid – a task divided between the use of conventional information subsidies and the dynamics of social media and digital platforms (Azari, Citation2016; Wells et al., Citation2016). What is more, contemporary political communications and voter mobilization are taking place under two significant context conditions: dissonant public spheres (Pfetsch, Citation2018) are coinciding with a profound crisis of liberal democracy (Bennett & Livingston, Citation2018). The communication ecology and the state of democracy have produced a style of campaigning that is no longer geared toward a consensus among the established political elites and parties to engage in civilized speech, to conduct fair competition, and to stay within the limits and norms of democracy. In this essay, I shall discuss some of the features and consequences of these contextual conditions. I shall further argue that the coincidence of disrupted democracy and dissonant public spheres is related to profound structural changes in the party organization, campaigning and political leadership.
Measuring Mobile Broadband: Challenges and Implications for Policymaking
(2023) Frías, Zoraida; Lehr, William; Stocker, Volker; Mendo, Luis
Mobile broadband networks constitute essential infrastructure to enable a wide range of innovative services and use cases anticipated for our digital economy future. Measuring performance is essential in many ways. First, to allow service providers to manage and develop their networks. Second, for the efficient operation of markets, and third, for evidence-based policymaking. In the rapidly evolving digital economy, capabilities for collecting more fine-grained measurements and analytics that deliver insights to enable real-time network management and localized control are expanding. As the fundamental methods used to collect measurement data are changing, the ecosystem of stakeholders with strategic interests in mobile measurement is growing and becoming more complex, posing challenges and opportunities for policymakers. Against the background of this growing complexity, this paper aims to discuss some basic features of a capable and reliable measurement ecosystem for mobile broadband. We document how the mobile broadband measurement ecosystem has changed and discuss its implications on a number of important broadband policy issues.

Listen

Auflistung Digitale Märkte und Öffentlichkeiten auf Plattformen nach Erscheinungsdatum

Treffer pro Seite

Sortieroptionen