Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Special Issue
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- ItemPeace Journalism in the Digital Age: Exploring Opportunities, Impact, and Challenges(Weizenbaum Institute, 2023-12-20 00:00:00) Sehl, Annika; Malik, Muhammad Sultan; Kretzschmar, Sonja; Neuberger, ChristophThe advent of modern means of communication opens up a wide range of possibilities for individual users, organizations, and governments to connect. This paper argues that the concept of peace journalism can leverage the potential of digital developments to maintain relevance in current times. Five areas of peace journalism’s possible synchronization with media digitalization are deduced and elaborated from a pragmatic perspective to facilitate conceptual advancement: (1) digital distribution, (2) utility of the potential of two-way communication, (3) exploration of new forms of digital storytelling, (4) curation of various digital sources of conflict actors and fact-checking, and (5) incorporation of virtual training and digital skills into journalism curricula. By addressing these aspects of media digitalization, peace journalism outlets can receive acclaim within modern journalistic circles while also attracting wider audience support.
- ItemEditorial: Special Issue: Fostering Societal Values in Digital Times – Peace, Care, and Tech Regulation(Weizenbaum Institute, 2023-12-31 00:00:00) Neuberger, Christoph; Emmer, Martin; Iglesias Keller, Clara; Krasnova, Hanna; Krzywdzinski, Martin; Metzger, Axel; Schimmler, Sonja; Ulbricht, Lena; Vladova, GerganaJoseph Weizenbaum would have been 100 years old on January 8, 2023. This anniversary was a welcome occasion to remember the life, work, and impact of the great computer scientist and public intellectual at the Weizenbaum Institute. This special issue compiles a series of articles directly or indirectly related to his work. Contributions center on Weizenbaum as an individual and his public role as a progressive intellectual, encompassing contemporary viewpoints on ethics in digital technology.
- ItemHuman Experience and AI Regulation: What European Union Law Brings to Digital Technology Ethics(Weizenbaum Institute, 2023-12-31 00:00:00) Bryson, Joanna J.Although nearly all artificial intelligence (AI) regulatory documents now reference the importance of human-centering digital systems, we frequently see AI ethics itself reduced to limited concerns, such as bias and, sometimes, power consumption. Although their impacts on human lives and our ecosystem render both of these absolutely critical, the ethical and regulatory challenges and obligations relating to AI do not stop there. Joseph Weizenbaum described the potential abuse of intelligent systems to make inhuman cruelty and acts of war more emotionally accessible to human operators. But more than this, he highlighted the need to solve the social issues that facilitate violent acts of war, and the immense potential the use of computers offers in this context. The present article reviews how the EU’s digital regulatory legislation—well enforced—could help us address such concerns. I begin by reviewing why the EU leads in this area, considering the legitimacy of its actions both regionally and globally. I then review the legislation already protecting us—the General Data Protection Regulation, the Digital Services Act, and the Digital Markets Act—and consider their role in achieving Weizenbaum’s goals. Finally, I consider the almost-promulgated AI Act before concluding with a brief discussion of the potential for future enforcement and more global regulatory cooperation.
- ItemThe Limits of Computation: Joseph Weizenbaum and the ELIZA Chatbot(Weizenbaum Institute, 2023) Berry, David M.Developed in the 1960s by Joseph Weizenbaum, ELIZA is arguably among the most influential computer programs ever written. ELIZA – and especially its most famous persona DOCTOR – continues to inspire programmers, wider discussions about AI, and imitations. This original ancestor of all conversa-tional interfaces and chatbots maintains a special fascination for engineers, historians, and philosophers of artificial intelligence (AI) and computing. With its ability to produce human-like responses using a relatively small amount of computer code, ELIZA has paved the way for a multitude of similar programs. These take the form of conversation agents and other human-computer inter-faces that have inspired entire new fields of study within computer science. This paper examines Weizenbaum’s contribution to AI and considers his more critical writings in the context of contemporary developments in generative AI, such as ChatGPT. Examining how ELIZA has been discussed can provide insights into current debates surrounding machine learning and AI.
- ItemThe Image of Man in Artificial Intelligence: A Conversation with Joseph Weizenbaum(Weizenbaum Institute, 2023) Pörksen, BernhardJoseph Weizenbaum fled from the Nazis to the USA, later studying mathematics and becoming a professor of computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He became famous for the Eliza program, which simulates a psychotherapist who—apparently at least—tries to understand its client psychologically, and which became a very early example of chatbots simulating human language. His research led Weizenbaum to a critical attitude toward the possibilities, limits and uses of computers. His main work, “The Power of Computers and the Powerlessness of Reason”, dealt with the effects of computers on the world of human experience—at that time a new and, in its explosiveness, still largely unknown topic. This text makes available in English for the first time an interview with Joseph Weizenbaum conducted in 1998. The interview focuses on the development of artificial intelligence, arguments about analogies between human and artificial intelligence, and perspectives on critical thinking about the relationship between humans and computers.