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A Democratic Approach to Digital Rights: Comparing Perspectives on Digital Sovereignty on the City Level
(2023) Pierri, Paola; Calderón Lüning, Elizabeth
This article will be drawing on two cases to reflect on the impact of different ways of practicing civic engagement in urban digitalization policy. Both cases reflect on the importance of cities playing an active role in the promotion of digital rights, obligation of public participation in digital policy making, and need for political digital education to enable democratic conversations on digital transformation. From a democratic theory point of view, the shifts happening through the digitalization of societies raise interesting questions regarding what modes of governance should be implemented for improving digital sovereignty, which could be in line with “locally” grounded politics. Theoretically, the article will frame these issues of governance and civic participation within the literature on “digital sovereignty,” understood as going beyond national territory toward issues of independence, democratic control, and autonomy over digital infrastructures, technologies, and content.
Algorithmic Management: Bright and Dark Sides, Practical Implications, and Research Opportunities
(2022) Benlian, Alexander; Wiener, Martin; Cram, Alec; Krasnova, Hanna; Mädche, Alexander; Möhlmann, Mareike; Recker, Jan; Remus, Ulrich
“Computer says no”. Algorithmic decision support and organisational responsibility
(2021) Adensamer, Angelika; Gsenger, Rita; Klausner, Lukas Daniel
Algorithmic decision support is increasingly used in a whole array of different contexts and structures in various areas of society, influencing many people’s lives. Its use raises questions, among others, about accountability, transparency and responsibility. While there is substantial research on the issue of algorithmic systems and responsibility in general, there is little to no priorresearch on organisational responsibility and its attribution. Our article aims to fill that gap; we give a brief overview of the central issues connected to ADS, responsibility and decision-making in organisational contexts and identify open questions and research gaps. Furthermore, we describe a set of guidelines and a complementary digital tool to assist practitioners in mapping responsibility when introducing ADS within their organisational context.
Das Ende des Teilens?
(2020) Kolleck, Aaron; Stocker, Volker
Carsharing hat sich hierzulande als ernstzunehmende Alternative für das eigene Auto und zu einem prägenden Element der Mobilitätslandschaft entwickelt. Laut Bundesverband CarSharing gibt es seit Beginn des Jahres 2020 in Deutschland rund 25.000 geteilte Pkw, die ungefähr zu gleichen Teilen auf stationsgebundene und -ungebundene Angebote entfallen. Obgleich in der Sharing Economy das Mantra „teilen statt besitzen“ den temporären und flexiblen Zugang zu oft teuren Ressourcen verspricht und so Teilhabe auch ohne exklusives Privateigentum ermöglicht, wird dieses Mantra in der aktuellen Krise zum Problem.
Democracy and digitalisation Handbook
(Directorate-General for International Partnerships (European Commission), 2022) Wagner, Ben; Ferro, Carolina; Gsenger, Rita
The Democracy and Digitalisation Handbook provides an overview of opportunities, challenges and threats related to digital technologies. This handbook looks at the impact of digital technology on democratic institutions while implementing international cooperation and development projects. It seeks to inform European Union (EU) staff, in particular staff based in EU Delegations, by providing them with: a short review of existing EU policies and an international framework of digitalisation for development; a presentation of key digitalisation and democracy projects; an analysis that will inform future EU projects supporting democratic governance with digital technology components; examples of good practices; a discussion of practices to avoid; a list of relevant implementation partners.
Demystification of Artificial Intelligence in Education – How much AI is really in the Educational Technology?
(2020) Renz, André; Krishnaraja, Swathi; Gronau, Elisa
The data-driven development of education through Learning Analytics in combination with Artificial Intelligence is an emerging field in the education sector. In the field of Artificial Intelligence in Education, numerous studies and research have been carried out over the past 60 years, and since then drastic changes have taken place. In the first part of this paper we present a brief overview of the current status of Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence in education. In order to develop a better understanding of the relationship between Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence in education, we outline the relationship between the two phenomena. The results show that the previous studies only vaguely distinguish between them: the terms are often used synonymously. In the second part of the paper we focus on the question why the European market currently has hardly any real applications for Artificial Intelligence in education. The research is based on a meta-investigation of data-driven business models, in particular the so-called Educational Technology providers. The core of the analysis is the question of how data-driven these companies really are, how much Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence is applied and whether there is a causal connection between the growth of the Educational Technology market and the application relevance of Artificial Intelligence in Education. In the scientific and public discourse, we can observe a distortion between the theoretical-conjunctive understanding of the application of Artificial Intelligence in Education and the current practical relevance.
Digital podcast production as co-creation in participatory urban development
(2022) Herlo, Bianca; Barbarino, Robert; Bergmann, Malte
This article describes the usage of an online podcast workshop as an arts‐based research method to reflect on intercultural participation. The podcast workshop was co‐developed by researchers, local civil society actors, and administrative employ‐ ees and deployed in a research infrastructure based on real‐world labs. We show how the online podcast workshop as a research tool elicits co‐creation with agonistic as well as communicative practices. The podcast combined practices of mak‐ ing with socially engaged research, using digital storytelling. It aimed at enhancing intercultural dialogue and participation and was used as an opportunity for voices that are not sufficiently represented in local public discourse on neighbourhood development to become recognised and challenge marginalisation. Based on one online podcast workshop, the article addresses new possibilities for collective and collaborative action during the Covid‐19 pandemic and frames the podcast as a moderated place for exchange and reflection in the digital space. The podcast workshop intended to foster further discussion on the topic of intercultural participation and was conceived as a tool for empowerment that participants can use for further conversations and exchange in their communities.
Does AI control or support? Power shifts after AI system implementation in customer relationship management
(2023) Monod, Emmanuel; Lissillour, Raphael; Köster, Antonia; Jiayin, Qi
Many companies are currently investing in artificial intelligence (AI) because of its potential to increase customer satisfaction or finan cial performance. However, the success rates in implementing AI systems are low, partly due to technology-centric approaches that neglect work practices. This study draws on Bourdieu’s theory of practice to highlight the potential power shift related to AI in customer relationship management, based on the concepts field, capital, and habitus. Two longitudinal case studies were conducted to understand the power shift related to AI implementation. These two AI systems were designed with the objective to support employees. However, subsequently, their implementation changed the balance of power with a significant shift towards more manage ment control, resulting in a devaluation of employees’ work prac tices. The paper discusses implications for theory and practice in terms of the discrepancies and power shifts following the introduc tion of AI systems to support customer relationship management.
Does Car-Sharing Reduce Car Ownership? Empirical Evidence from Germany
(2021) Kolleck, Aaron
The sharing economy is making its way into our everyday lives. One of its business models, car-sharing, has become highly popular. Can it help us increase our sustainability? Besides emissions and vehicle miles traveled, one key aspect in the assessment regards the effect of car-sharing on car ownership. Previous studies investigating this effect have relied almost exclusively on surveys and come to very heterogeneous results, partly suggesting spectacular substitution rates between shared and private cars. This study empirically explores the impact of car-sharing on noncorporate car ownership and car markets in 35 large German cities. The analysis draws on publicly available data for the years 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2017, including, among others, the number of shared cars per operating mode (free-floating and station-based) and the number of cars owned and registered by private individuals (i.e., excluding company cars). We find that one additional station-based car is associated with a reduction of about nine private cars. We do not find a statistically significant relation between car ownership and free-floating car-sharing. Neither type of car-sharing appears to impact the markets for used and new cars significantly. Given the measurable impacts on car ownership levels, this result is surprising and invites future research to study car-sharing’s impact on the dynamics of car markets.
Eine digitale Stadt für alle gestalten
(2021) Rohde, Friederike; Piétron, Dominik; Calderón Lüning, Elizabeth
Städte und Landkreise haben eine Schlüsselrolle in der digitalen Transformation. Doch was heißt kommunale Selbstverwaltung im digitalen Zeitalter? Am Beispiel des Bündnisses Digitale Stadt in Berlin zeigt der Beitrag, wie unsere Städte nicht nur smart, sondern auch inklusiv und demokratisch werden können.
Erzählen im Reallabor. Ein Beitrag zur konzeptionellen Ausgestaltung partizipativer Methoden der gemeinsamen Wissensproduktion durch Erzählräume im Reallabor
(2021) Seydel, Hanna; Gliemann, Katrin; Stark, Sandra; Herlo, Bianca
The transdisciplinary intersection between science and society in the real-world-laboratory approach is seen as a potential for generating transformational knowledge. At the same time, there are open questions in the methodological implementation, which are addressed in this paper by insights on experimental formats of storytelling. Using the example of the research project INTERPART, this paper explores the questions how intercultural spaces of participation in urban development can be expanded and what changes in institutional processes are required to achieve this. The paper involves two academic disciplines – spatial planning and design research – and fields of practice. Central findings include how deliberately designed narrative situations promote the co-production of transformative knowledge by encouraging participation in research and engaging citizens as experts of everyday life in co-research. The paper thus contributes to the current discourse on participatory research and co-production of knowledge in the context of methodological differentiation of real-world laboratory approaches.
From private digital platforms to public data spaces. Implications for the digital transformation
(2022) Beverungen, Daniel; Hess, Thomas; Köster, Antonia; Lehrer, Christiane
Technological developments such as Cloud Computing, the Internet of Things, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence continue to drive the digital transformation of business and society. With the advent of platform-based ecosystems and their potential to address complex challenges, there is a trend towards greater interconnectedness between different stakeholders to co-create services based on the provision and use of data. While previous research on digital transformation mainly focused on digital transformation within organizations, it is of growing importance to understand the implications for digital transformation on different layers (e.g., interorganizational cooperation and platform ecosystems). In particular, the conceptualization and implications of public data spaces and related ecosystems provide promising research opportunities. This special issue contains five papers on the topic of digital transformation and, with the editorial, further contributes by providing an initial conceptualization of public data spaces' potential to foster innovative progress and digital transformation from a management perspective.
Lessons Learned from Establishing the Energy-Informatics Business Model: Case of a German Energy Company
(2019) Grosse, Matti; Send, Hendrik; Schildhauer, Thomas
Energy and utilities companies find themselves in a paradoxical situation in which their traditional business models are losing profitability, and they must advocate energy efficiency and climate-protection goals, and thus encourage their customers to save energy. As a result, they must partially cannibalize their business models and experiment with new models and techniques. Energy Informatics (EI) offers promising business opportunities that alleviate the concerns of energy companies about traditional revenue streams. However, recent discussions on this issue lack proof of concept and success determinants. This business case study fills this gap by describing the journey of German energy company Energiequelle, which established a sustainable business model based on EI. On the basis of our interview data, we analyzed Energiequelle’s EI strategy and stakeholder management and present six lessons learned. We believe that our practice-oriented research provides profound insight, especially to high-level executives and policymakers.
New working spaces in rural areas
(Routledge, 2022) Lange, Bastian; Herlo, Bianca; Willi, Yasmine; Pütz, Marco
Online Podcast Production as Co-Creation for Intercultural Participation in Neighbourhood Development
(2022) Barbarino, Robert; Herlo, Bianca; Bergmann, Malte
This article describes the usage of an online podcast workshop as an arts-based research method to reflect on intercultural participation. The podcast workshop was co-developed by researchers, local civil society actors, and administrative employees and deployed in a research infrastructure based on real-world labs. We show how the online podcast workshop as a research tool elicits co-creation with agonistic as well as communicative practices. The podcast combined practices of making with socially engaged research, using digital storytelling. It aimed at enhancing intercultural dialogue and participation and was used as an opportunity for voices that are not sufficiently represented in local public discourse on neighbourhood development to become recognised and challenge marginalisation. Based on one online podcast workshop, the article addresses new possibilities for collective and collaborative action during the Covid-19 pandemic and frames the podcast as a moderated place for exchange and reflection in the digital space. The podcast workshop intended to foster further discussion on the topic of intercultural participation and was conceived as a tool for empowerment that participants can use for further conversations and exchange in their communities.
Power, roles and adding value. Reflecting on the challenges of bridging across research and action on an international community networking project
(2020) Gaved, Mark; Calderón Lüning, Elizabeth; Unteidig, Andreas; Davies, Gareth; Stevens, James
The three year EU-funded MAZI research project (www.mazizone.eu) brought together universities, civil society organizations, and neighbourhood groups to design, develop and trial a digital toolkit for supporting local sustainability in four European countries. Funder constraints, partner ambitions and community needs had to be balanced to both adhere to academic research protocols while making a difference in the neighbourhoods where research and action took place. These sometimes conflicting ambitions caused partners to continuously question whose agendas were best being served by the project activities. They had to confront asymmetries of power, capacity, and credibility both within the consortium and within the community settings. Local circumstances changed; partners had to negotiate new, unfamiliar, and changing roles; and guises had to be adopted to progress sometimes conflicting ambitions. In this paper, we report on the challenges encountered in two of the pilot locations, Berlin and London. These two pilots were similar as they consisted at the outset of a university partner previously unconnected to the locality, working with a civil society partner that was deeply embedded in the setting though long-term engagement. In both cases, the pairings sought to work closely together both on the ground and in research tasks. Finding acceptable compromises stimulatedconsiderable self-reflection and required ongoing negotiation. We offer insights on the potentials and pitfalls of civil society activistsand academic researchers collaborating within a research framework from the perspectives of both, with the goal of building a bridge of understanding between these two viewpoints
Practicing sovereignty. Digital involvement in times of crises
(transcript, 2021) Herlo, Bianca; Irrgang, Daniel; Joost, Gesche; Unteidig, Andreas
Digital sovereignty has become a hotly debated concept. The current convergence of multiple crises adds fuel to this debate, as it contextualizes the concept in a foundational discussion of democratic principles, civil rights, and national identities: is (technological) self-determination an option for every individual to cope with the digital sphere effectively? Can disruptive events provide chances to rethink our ideas of society - including the design of the objects and processes which constitute our techno-social realities? The positions assembled in this volume analyze opportunities for participation and policy-making, and describe alternative technological practices before and after the pandemic.
Prerequisites for artificial intelligence in further education. Identification of drivers, barriers, and business models of educational technology companies
(2020) Renz, André; Hilbig, Romy
The ongoing datafication of our social reality has resulted in the emergence of new data-based business models. This development is also reflected in the education market. An increasing number of educational technology (EdTech) companies are entering the traditional education market with data-based teaching and learning solutions, and they are permanently transforming the market. However, despite the current market dynamics, there are hardly any business models that implement the possibilities of Learning Analytics (LA) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create adaptive teaching and learning paths. This paper focuses on EdTech companies and the drivers and barriers that currently affect data-based teaching and learning paths. The results show that LA especially are integrated into the current business models of EdTech companies on three levels, which are as follows: basic Learning Analytics, Learning Analytics and algorithmic or human-based recommendations, and Learning Analytics and adaptive teaching and learning (AI based). The discourse analysis reveals a diametrical relationship between the traditional educational ideal and the futuristic idea of education and knowledge transfer. While the desire for flexibility and individualization drives the debate on AI-based learning systems, a lack of data sovereignty, uncertainty and a lack of understanding of data are holding back the development and implementation of appropriate solutions at the same time.
Privacy Icons
(2019) Efroni, Z.; Metzger, J.; Mischau, L.; Schirmbeck, Marie
Although the institution of consent within the General Data Protection Regulation intends to facilitate the exercise of personal autonomy, reality paints a different picture. Due to a host of structural and psychological deficits, the process of giving consent is often neither informed nor does it foster self-determination. One key element in addressing this shortcoming is the visualisation of relevant information through icons. This article outlines a riskbased methodology for the selection, design and implementation of such privacy icons. It lays the groundwork for identifying risky data processing aspects as a first step in a larger project of creating a privacy icons set to accompany privacy policies. The ultimate goal of the privacy icons is to assist users in making better informed consent decisions through the visualisation of data processing aspects based on their inherent risks.
Reinvigorating the Discourse on Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence in Educational Technologies
(2021) Renz, André; Vladova, Gergana
The increasing relevance of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in various domains has led to high expectations of benefits, ranging from precision, efficiency, and optimization to the completion of routine or time-consuming tasks. Particularly in the field of education, AI applications promise immense innovation potential. A central focus in this field is on analyzing and evaluating learner characteristics to derive learning profiles and create individualized learning environments. The development and implementation of such AI-driven approaches are related to learners' data, and thus involves several privacies, ethics, and morality challenges. In this paper, we introduce the concept of human-centered AI, and consider how an AI system can be developed in line with human values without posing risks to humanity. Because the education market is in the early stages of incorporating AI into educational tools, we believe that this is the right time to raise awareness about the use of principles that foster human-centered values and help in building responsible, ethical, and value-oriented AI.

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