From Insult to Hate Speech. Mapping Offensive Language in German User Comments on Immigration

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dc.contributor.authorPaasch-Colberg, Sünje
dc.contributor.authorStrippel, Christian
dc.contributor.authorTrebbe, Joachim
dc.contributor.authorEmmer, Martin
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-30T14:18:50Z
dc.date.available2023-08-30T14:18:50Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractIn recent debates on offensive language in participatory online spaces, the term ‘hate speech’ has become especially prominent. Originating from a legal context, the term usually refers to violent threats or expressions of prejudice against particular groups on the basis of race, religion, or sexual orientation. However, due to its explicit reference to the emotion of hate, it is also used more colloquially as a general label for any kind of negative expression. This ambiguity leads to misunderstandings in discussions about hate speech and challenges its identification. To meet this challenge, this article provides a modularized framework to differentiate various forms of hate speech and offensive language. On the basis of this framework, we present a text annotation study of 5,031 user comments on the topic of immigration and refuge posted in March 2019 on three German news sites, four Facebook pages, 13 YouTube channels, and one right-wing blog. An in-depth analysis of these comments identifies various types of hate speech and offensive language targeting immigrants and refugees. By exploring typical combinations of labeled attributes, we empirically map the variety of offensive language in the subject area ranging from insults to calls for hate crimes, going beyond the common ‘hate/no-hate’ dichotomy found in similar studies. The results are discussed with a focus on the grey area between hate speech and offensive language.
dc.identifier.citationPaasch-Colberg, S., Strippel, C., Trebbe, J., & Emmer, M. (2021). From Insult to Hate Speech: Mapping Offensive Language in German User Comments on Immigration. Media and Communication, 9(1), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i1.3399
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i1.3399
dc.identifier.eissn2183-2439
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.weizenbaum-library.de/handle/id/219
dc.identifier.zdb2739592-3
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.issupplementedbyhttps://www.weizenbaum-library.de/handle/id/823
dc.rightsopen access
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectcomment sections
dc.subjectcontent analysis
dc.subjectFacebook
dc.subjecthate speech
dc.subjectrefugees
dc.subjecttext annotation
dc.subjectuser comments
dc.subjectYouTube
dc.subject.ddc070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus & Verlagswesen
dc.titleFrom Insult to Hate Speech. Mapping Offensive Language in German User Comments on Immigration
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.statuspublishedVersion
dcmi.typeText
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.issue1
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.issue1
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.journaltitleMedia and Communication
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.pageend180
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.pagestart171
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.volume9
local.researchgroupDigital Citizenship
local.researchtopicDemokratie – Partizipation – Öffentlichkeit
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